Theory and practice of appropriate packaging of th

Theory and practice of appropriate packaging of corrugated boxes

I. excessive packaging and appropriate packaging

the manifestations of excessive packaging are as follows: excessive levels, inappropriate materials, inappropriate structural design, excessive surface decoration, excessive packaging functions, high packaging costs, packaging with high-end daily necessities, etc

(I) over packaging

over packaging usually refers to the materials used for packaging and the value of the materials is too high or excessive compared with the commodity itself. At present, developed countries take the reform of excessive packaging as a way to green packaging in order to solve packaging pollution and save resources. The UK launched the campaign of "packaging is something stripped off", calling for no longer pursuing excessive packaging; Japan is a country that pays great attention to etiquette. At present, simple packaging is also popular to save packaging materials and costs; The United States, Canada and other countries believe that "excessive packaging is polluting the environment", which not only consumes resources excessively, but also produces a lot of pollution. In the Canadian market, 50% of liquid milk is packed in plastic bags, reducing 3000 tons of solid waste every year; Beijing, Shanghai and other cities in China and Hong Kong have also begun to use simple packaging in the sales of daily necessities to reduce costs and environmental pollution

(II) packaging moderation

1. Combined with the current situation of "excessive packaging" in China, we put forward the development goal of commodity packaging moderation in the future:

-- moderation of commodity packaging customs and practices. Through the re evaluation of the management, customs and consciousness of "beautiful packaging should be used for gifts", the role of packaging has become more practical

-- reduction of commodity packaging. Under the basic principle of not damaging the function of commodity packaging, we should strive to make the packaging lighter, adopt simple packaging, reduce the space plot ratio, use the smallest packaging, and give full play to the maximum role of packaging

-- environmental adaptation of commodity packaging. Through the measures of recycling and easy treatment of packaging materials, the cost and environmental load of waste treatment generated by packaging to a certain extent will be controlled to a minimum

2. The standard of proper packaging

-- space plot ratio, with reference to the experience of some developed countries, it is appropriate to control it at 20% as the upper limit index

-- the packaging fee ratio should be controlled at 15% as the upper limit index by referring to the experience of some developed countries

the above space plot ratio and packaging fee ratio can be used as a reference for relevant departments in China when determining the concept of "appropriate packaging" and formulating the standard of "appropriate packaging"

3. Simplify packaging

excessive packaging causes waste of resources and unnecessary environmental pollution. Some developed countries have successively issued some laws and regulations. For example, the United States has made normative restrictions on luxury packaging, and heavy penalties will be imposed for excessive packaging exceeding the requirements, so as to force manufacturers to simplify packaging. Japan even put forward the idea of "zero packaging". At present, simplified packaging has become popular all over the world. For example, Hewlett Packard Company of the United States uses old cartons to pack new computers, which is welcomed by consumers. The cosmetics industry also allows consumers to return used packaging when purchasing cosmetics and give large rebates, which benefits both parties; Beijing, China, has also become a new social fashion for a time by combating white pollution and advocating reusable cloth bags instead of disposable plastic bags. The new trend of simplifying packaging. It can greatly reduce packaging waste and protect the ecological environment

$page break $2. Misunderstanding about excessive packaging

because packaging will increase the value of goods, under the condition of fierce competition in the market economy, this link has increasingly attracted the attention of commodity producers and operators, and some even seek high profits by means of excessive packaging. For a long time, the problem of excessive commodity packaging (also known as excessive deceptive packaging, misleading packaging, etc.) in society has caused anxiety and confusion. It is observed that the main misunderstandings of commodity (moon cake) packaging include the following aspects

(I) luxury packaging: in order to win the favor of consumers, producers have changed from rough processing to fine processing, from simple packaging to fine packaging, and from extensive management to fine management. This is an inevitable phenomenon and development trend of commodity production and management, and it is also the target of an increasingly mature market economy. At present, the freight rate from Indonesia to southern China is 2.5 ⑶ 5 dollars/ton (70000 tons); (4) USD/ton (50.6 million tons)

however, in this development process, abnormal packaging phenomenon also appeared at the same time, one of its main manifestations is luxury packaging. From the perspective of value composition, the so-called "luxury packaging" means that the cost of commodity packaging is much higher than or greater than the cost of commodity use value, ranging from several times to more than ten times, or even more

(II) matching packaging: in recent years, due to the intensification of market competition, the packaging of goods has also been renovated, and matching packaging is one of the new "inventions". For example, in a moon cake that went on sale last year, a brocade box is equipped with a gold fork, a silver knife, etc. mooncakes are sold in the open, and high-end tableware are sold in the dark, which makes the guest take the lead and puts the cart before the horse. With a moon cake box, the identity doubles, and the price is 1376 yuan. I don't know how many kinds of packaging are more expensive than this. It's really a typical "hanging sheep's head and selling dog meat"

(III) false packaging: in order to maximize profits, many illegal operators use false packaging as their important means

-- false packaging is a kind of "packaging pollution". Any fake product is to fake those famous and reputable 1. WDW (1) 0 liquid crystal display rubber special tensile testing machine. Generally speaking, it can be divided into the following four stages: famous brand products with high popularity, broad market and good image in the eyes of consumers

- "void" is a typical phenomenon of false packaging, which can be found in the packaging of many commodities, especially in gift packaging. Many countries have formulated strict management regulations and relevant laws for product packaging. The packaging cost cannot exceed 15% - 30% of the product value, and the packaging material cannot be greater than one tenth of the volume of the packaged material. If the packaging cost and volume exceed the standard, it should be formulated as a "commercial fraud" that infringes on the rights and interests of consumers

$page break $3. Foreign measures to control excessive packaging

(I) the main means to control excessive packaging

for the phenomenon of excessive packaging, many countries in the world have reached a consensus to avoid severe vibration and affect the accuracy of experimental machines, and have gained a lot of experience. Experts believe that these experiences can be called "stones from other mountains" for China to effectively control and reduce packaging waste

at present, there are three kinds of control means for excessive packaging in foreign countries:

the first type is standard control, that is, set limit standards for the volume of packaging, the gap between packaging and goods, the number of packaging layers, and the ratio of packaging cost to commodity value. Such as South Korea, Japan, Canada and other countries

the second type is economic means control, such as imposing packaging tax on non paper packaging and packaging that cannot meet the recycling requirements, such as Belgium. In addition, through waste measurement and charging, consumers are guided to choose simple packaging, such as the Netherlands

the third category is to increase producers, which stipulates that commodity producers are responsible for recycling commodity packaging. Usually, deposit system can be used to entrust relevant commercial institutions to recycle packaging. In order to facilitate recycling, producers will actively choose packaging designs that use less materials and are easy to recycle. Such as Germany, France and other countries

in order to reduce the amount and harmfulness of solid waste, many countries have begun to extend the production of packaging of electrical appliances and other products, that is, producers should not only bear the environmental pollution in the production process, but also bear the responsibility of recycling or disposal of waste products or used packaging

(II) there is a law to follow for reasonable packaging

Germany published the "packaging regulations" in 1991, which requires packaging in legal form for the first time. This paper introduces the utilization of polypropylene materials touched by typical parts in interior trim. The producers and operators of materials undertake obligations. The regulations have corresponding restrictions on the proportion and number of layers of the packaging of goods in the whole commodity, such as the space in the packaging container shall not exceed 20% of the container volume, the gap between the goods in the packaging container and the commodities shall be less than 1 cm, the gap between the inner wall of the packaging container shall be kept below 5 mm, and the packaging cost shall generally be less than 15% of the total product cost, etc. Relevant departments also often inspect the packaging of goods on the market, reward the goods with simplified packaging, and fine those with excessive packaging. Japan's "new packaging guidelines" clearly stipulates that: the empty space of packaging shall not exceed 20% of the packaging volume, the packaging cost shall not exceed 15% of the product sales price, and the packaging shall correctly display the value of the product. Such a quantitative definition is worthy of our reference

in order to curb excessive packaging, many countries have specially formulated relevant packaging laws and regulations, such as the circular economy law of Germany and the packaging container recycling law of Denmark. In addition, the United States, Canada, Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Brazil and other countries and regions have developed similar packaging regulations. The EU has also promulgated the designation of packaging and packaging waste. The cleaner production promotion law enacted in 2002 also stipulates that "enterprises should package their products reasonably to reduce the excessive use of packaging materials and the generation of packaging waste."

(III) "green tax"

for the external cost of excessive packaging, the relevant government departments can also internalize it by imposing "green tax". Both producers and consumers, if they persist in pursuing excessive packaging, must pay special taxes to bear the external costs. In this way, the benefit drive of producers will inevitably decline greatly, and the irrational purchase of consumers will also converge. For example, Denmark has taken the lead in implementing the "green" tax system in the world, and the effect is very obvious

$page break $4. Typical cases of excessive packaging

the industry has reached a consensus that the outer packaging is a "trade secret" with more market value than quality and taste. It was revealed that in the past, the outer packaging of ordinary moon cakes generally did not exceed the value of moon cakes; In the early 1990s, the price of ordinary moon cake packaging and box moon cake became 1:1, and luxury moon cake even reached 2:1; At present, the price of a box of moon cakes sold in Chinese and foreign packaging accounts for more than 70%

not long ago, a citizen of Guangzhou was very surprised by a box of "Big Mac" moon cakes he received. A square moon cake box, 60 cm long on each side and 20 cm thick, is about the size of a suitcase. Open it and see that there are only 4 small moon cakes inside. Moon cakes are less than 1/50 the size of the box! Such excessive packaging has long been seen in the moon cake market. It is reported that the gross profit of ordinary moon cakes on the market is only 15% to 30%, while the gross profit of luxury moon cakes may reach hundreds of%. Relevant statistics show that the annual cost of moon cake packaging in China's baking industry has reached 2.5 billion yuan. "The wool comes from the sheep", and this expenditure will ultimately be "paid for" by consumers

luxury packaging not only makes consumers spend a lot of money wrongly, but also causes damage to the environment and consumes a lot of valuable forest resources. According to the investigation of the forestry department, for every 10million boxes of moon cakes produced, on average